影響印刷質(zhì)量的主要因素
1.堵版。網(wǎng)點(diǎn)堵塞會(huì)引起油墨的轉(zhuǎn)移量下降，印刷品顏色將發(fā)生變化。發(fā)生堵版時(shí)，要用溶劑或?qū)Ｓ们逑磩┣逑从“?，同時(shí)針對(duì)堵版產(chǎn)生的原因采取相應(yīng)的措施。
2.印版磨損。印版磨損會(huì)使網(wǎng)點(diǎn)變小、變淺，從而影響了網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的載墨量。印版磨損的結(jié)果是顏色總體變淡。有時(shí)白版磨損使白墨上墨量不足，對(duì)基材底色的遮蓋力不足，此時(shí)應(yīng)停機(jī)換版生產(chǎn)，舊版重新退鍍。若印版滾筒使用過渡網(wǎng)墻坍塌導(dǎo)致不能退鍍，必須重新制版。
3.圖案顏色不一致。版面橫向同時(shí)排布多個(gè)圖案時(shí)，可能發(fā)生印版左右兩端圖案顏色不一致的情況。在制版過程中，尤其是滿版實(shí)地時(shí)，電雕從左到右容易產(chǎn)生網(wǎng)點(diǎn)大小的變化，因此，應(yīng)注意檢查印版滾筒左右兩端的印刷效果差異。
4.印版設(shè)計(jì)的合理性。在進(jìn)行印版設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要充分考慮到印版設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)印刷過程和印后加工的影響。比如80%和5%左右的網(wǎng)點(diǎn)跳躍區(qū)的色彩極易發(fā)生層次并級(jí)，應(yīng)提前采取改變措施。
5.印刷環(huán)境因素。印刷車間的室溫如果發(fā)生大幅度變化，油墨的流動(dòng)狀態(tài)就會(huì)發(fā)生變化。一般生產(chǎn)車間的溫、溫度控制在溫度（23±5）攝氏度，濕度60%±5%。另外在冬季使用油墨時(shí)，要提前預(yù)熱，以增加油墨的流動(dòng)性。
6.印刷條件。當(dāng)版面受到無規(guī)則的風(fēng)吹時(shí)，印刷速度和干燥速度發(fā)生變化，都會(huì)導(dǎo)致印刷品的顏色發(fā)生變化。在印刷過程中應(yīng)充分考慮以上因素。
Main factors affecting printing quality
1. blocking. The blocking of dot will cause the transfer of ink to decrease, and the color of printed matter will change. In case of blocking, the printing plate shall be cleaned with solvent or special cleaning agent, and corresponding measures shall be taken for the causes of blocking.
2. the printing plate is worn. Plate wear will make the dot smaller and shallower, thus affecting the ink load of the dot. The result of plate wear is that the color is generally lighter. Sometimes the white version is worn out, resulting in insufficient ink on the white ink and insufficient hiding power for the substrate background color. At this time, the production should be stopped for version change, and the old version should be recoated. If the plate cylinder cannot be unplated due to the collapse of the transition screen wall, it must be remade.
3. the pattern color is inconsistent. When multiple patterns are arranged horizontally at the same time, the pattern colors at the left and right ends of the printing plate may be inconsistent. In the process of plate making, especially when the full plate is on the spot, the electric engraving is easy to change the dot size from left to right. Therefore, pay attention to check the printing effect difference between the left and right ends of the plate cylinder.
4. rationality of printing plate design. In the process of printing plate design, the influence of printing plate design on printing process and post press processing should be fully considered. For example, 80% and 5% of the colors in the dot jump area are prone to level merging, and change measures should be taken in advance.
5. printing environmental factors. If the room temperature of the printing workshop changes significantly, the flow state of the ink will change. Generally, the temperature and temperature of the production workshop shall be controlled at (23 ± 5) degrees Celsius and the humidity shall be 60% ± 5%. In addition, when using ink in winter, preheat it in advance to increase the fluidity of the ink.
6. printing conditions. When the layout is blown by irregular wind, the printing speed and drying speed change, which will lead to the color change of the printed matter. The above factors shall be fully considered in the printing process.
